C Heaping Vs Stacking in. NET Part IEven though with the. NET framework we dont have to actively worry about memory management and garbage collection GC, we still have to keep memory management and GC in mind in order to optimize the performance of our applications. Also, having a basic understanding of how memory management works will help explain the behavior of the variables we work with in every program we write. In this article Ill cover the basics of the Stack and Heap, types of variables and why some variables work as they do. There are two places the. NET framework stores items in memory as your code executes. If you are not yet familiar with them, let me introduce you to the Stack and the Heap. Both the Stack and Heap help us run our code. Ing Mobile Application And Games' title='Ing Mobile Application And Games' />They reside in the operating memory on our machine and contain the pieces of information we need to make it all happen. Stack vs. Heap Whats the difference The Stack is more or less responsible for keeping track of whats executing in our code or whats been called. The Heap is more or less responsible for keeping track of our objects our data, well. Think of the Stack as a series of boxes stacked one on top of the next. We keep track of whats going on in our application by stacking another box on top every time we call a method called a Frame. We can only use whats in the top box on the Stack. When were done with the top box the method is done executing we throw it away and proceed to use the stuff in the previous box on the top of the Stack. Borland Socket Server here. The Heap is similar except that its purpose is to hold information not keep track of execution most of the time so anything in our Heap can be accessed at  any time. With the Heap, there are no constraints as to what can be accessed like in the Stack. The Heap is like the heap of clean laundry on our bed that we have not taken the time to put away yet we can grab what we need quickly. The Stack is like the Stack of shoe boxes in the closet where we have to take off the top one to get to the one underneath it. The picture above, while not really a true representation of whats happening in memory, helps us distinguish a Stack from a Heap. The Stack is self maintaining, meaning that it basically takes care of its own memory management. When the top box is no longer used, its thrown out. The Heap, on the other hand, must worry about Garbage collection GC, which deals with how to keep the Heap clean no one wants dirty laundry laying around, it stinks. GnC0sdoJQ4G-BMTW1jfcuPZgoXGb-bmd3mqUFURYBDVF0mZDu0biFFV1wQT8MJHTSwy=h400' alt='Ing Mobile Application And Games' title='Ing Mobile Application And Games' />What goes on the Stack and Heap We have four main types of things well be putting in the Stack and Heap as our code is executing Value Types, Reference Types, Pointers, and Instructions. Value Types In C, all the things declared with the following list of type declarations are Value types because they are from System. Value. Type boolbytechardecimaldoubleenumfloatintlongsbyteshortstructuintulongushort. Reference Types All the things declared with the types in this list are Reference types and inherit from System. Object, except, of course, for object which is the System. Object object classinterfacedelegateobjectstring. Java Platform, Micro Edition Java ME provides a robust, flexible environment for applications running on embedded and mobile devices in the Internet of Things. Pointers The third type of thing to be put in our memory management scheme is a Reference to a Type. A Reference is often referred to as a Pointer. How To Overwrite .Exe With Crack. We dont explicitly use Pointers, they are managed by the Common Language Runtime CLR. A Pointer or Reference is different than a Reference Type in that when we say something is a Reference Type, it means we access it through a Pointer. A Pointer is a chunk of space in memory that points to another space in memory. A Pointer takes up space just like any other thing that were putting in the Stack and Heap and its value is either a memory address or null. Instructions Youll see how the  Instructions work later in this article. How is it decided what goes where HuhOk, one last thing and well get to the fun stuff. Here are our two golden rules A Reference Type always goes on the Heap easy enough, right  Value Types and Pointers always go where they were declared. This is a little more complex and needs a bit more understanding of how the Stack works to figure out where things are declared. The Stack, as we mentioned earlier, is responsible for keeping track of where each thread is during the execution of our code or whats been called. You can think of it as a thread state and each thread has its own Stack. When our code makes a call to execute a method the thread starts executing the instructions that have been JIT compiled and live on the method table, it also puts  the methods parameters on the thread Stack. Then, as we go through the code and run into variables within the method, they are placed on top of the Stack. This will be easiest to understand with an example. Take the following method           publicint Add. Fiveint p. Value                          int result                result p. Value 5 return result          Heres what happens at the very top of the Stack. Keep in mind that what we are looking at is placed on top of many other items already living in the Stack Once we start executing the method, the methods parameters are placed on the Stack well talk more about passing parameters later. NOTE the method does not live on the stack and is illustrated just for reference. Purple49/v4/97/49/0d/97490d6c-0e3d-b060-591a-4767382216da/source/512x512bb.jpg' alt='Ing Mobile Application And Games' title='Ing Mobile Application And Games' />This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ng. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the. Does anybody here know how to get VBA to run multiple threads I am using Excel. Ing Mobile Application And Games' title='Ing Mobile Application And Games' />Next, control the thread executing the method is passed to the instructions to the Add. Five method which lives in our types method table, a JIT compilation is performed if this is the first time we are hitting the method. As the method executes, we need some memory for the result variable and it is allocated on the Stack. The method finishes execution and our result is returned. And all memory allocated on the Stack is cleaned up by moving a pointer to the available memory address where Add. Five started and we go down to the previous method on the stack not seen here. In this example, our result variable is placed on the stack. As a matter of fact, every time a Value Type is declared within the body of a method, it will be placed on the stack. Now, Value Types are also sometimes placed on the Heap. Remember the rule, Value Types always go where they were declared  Well, if a Value Type is declared outside of a method, but inside a Reference Type then it will be placed within the Reference Type on the Heap. Heres another example. If we have the following My. Int class which is a Reference Type because it is a class          public class My. Int                    publicint My. Driver Cdc Serial Htc One. Value          and the following method is executing          public My. Int Add. Fiveint p. Value                          My. Int result new My. Int                result. My. Value p. Value 5                return result          Then just as before, the thread starts executing the method and its parameters are placed on sthe threads stack. Now is when it gets interesting. Because My. Int is a Reference Type, it is placed on the Heap and referenced by a Pointer on the Stack. After Add. Five is finished executing like in the first example, and we are cleaning up. My. Int in the Heap there is no longer anyone in the Stack standing around pointing to My. 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